kolektiva.social

1 post1 participant0 posts today

DoomsdaysCWWhat Is A <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/PollTax" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#PollTax</a>? Definition and ExamplesBy Robert Longley, July 27, 2022Excerpt: "In the United States, the origin of the poll tax—and the controversy surrounding it—is associated with the agrarian unrest of the 1880s and 1890s, which culminated in the rise of the Populist Party in the Western and the Southern states. The Populists, representing low-income farmers, gave Democrats in these areas the only serious competition that they had experienced since the end of Reconstruction. The competition led both parties to see the need to attract Black citizens back into politics and to compete for their vote. As the Democrats defeated the Populists, they amended their state constitutions or drafted new ones to include various discriminatory disfranchising devices. When the payment of the poll tax was made a prerequisite to voting, impoverished <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackPeople" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#BlackPeople</a> and often <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/PoorWhitePeople" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#PoorWhitePeople</a>, unable to afford the tax, were denied the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/RightToVote" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#RightToVote</a>. "During the post-Civil War Reconstruction Era in the United States, the former states of the Confederacy repurposed the poll tax explicitly to prevent formerly enslaved <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackAmericans" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#BlackAmericans</a> from voting. Although the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/14thAmendment" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#14thAmendment</a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/15thAmendment" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#15thAmendment</a> [s] gave Black men full <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/citizenship" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#citizenship</a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VotingRights" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VotingRights</a>, the power to determine what constituted a qualified voter was left to the states. Beginning with Mississippi in 1890, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/SouthernStates" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#SouthernStates</a> quickly exploited this legal loophole. At its 1890 constitutional convention, Mississippi imposed a $2.00 poll tax and early registration as a requirement for voting. This had catastrophic results for the Black electorate. Whereas approximately 87,000 Black citizens registered to vote in 1869, representing almost 97% of the eligible voting-age population, fewer than 9,000 of them registered to vote after the state’s new constitution took effect in 1892. "Between 1890 and 1902, all eleven former <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Confederate" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Confederate</a> states imposed some form of a poll tax to deter Black Americans from voting. The tax, which ranged from $1 to $2, was prohibitively expensive for most Black sharecroppers, who earned their wages in crops, not currency. Beyond the cost, voter registration and tax payment offices were usually located in public spaces designed to intimidate potential voters, like courthouses and police stations."The southern states also enacted <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/JimCrowLaws" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#JimCrowLaws</a> intended to reinforce <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/RacialSegregation" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#RacialSegregation</a> and restrict Black voting rights. Along with the poll tax, most of these states also imposed literacy tests, which required potential voters to read and interpret in writing sections of the state constitution. So-called 'grandfather clauses' allowed a person to vote without paying the poll tax or passing the literacy test if their father or grandfather had voted before the abolition of slavery in 1865; a stipulation that automatically precluded all formerly enslaved persons. Together, the grandfather clause and the literacy tests effectively restored voting rights to poorer White voters who could not pay the poll tax, while further suppressing the Black vote."Poll taxes of varying stipulations lingered in Southern states well into the 20th century. While some states abolished the tax in the years after World War I, others retained it. Ratified in 1964, the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/24thAmendment" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#24thAmendment</a> to the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/USConstitution" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#USConstitution</a> declared the tax unconstitutional in federal elections. "Specifically, the 24th Amendment states: 'The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.'"President Lyndon B. Johnson called the amendment a 'triumph of liberty over restriction.' 'It is a verification of people's rights, which are rooted so deeply in the mainstream of this nation's history,' he said."The <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VotingRightsAct" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VotingRightsAct</a> of 1965 created significant changes in the voting status of Black Americans throughout the South. The law prohibited the states from using literacy tests and other methods of excluding Black Americans from voting. Before this, only an estimated twenty-three percent of voting-age Black citizens were registered nationally, but by 1969 the number had jumped to sixty-one percent. "In 1966 the U.S. Supreme Court went beyond the Twenty-fourth Amendment by ruling in the case of Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections that under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, states could not levy a poll tax as a prerequisite for voting in state and local elections. In two months in the spring of 1966, federal courts declared poll tax laws unconstitutional in the last four states that still had them, starting with Texas on February 9. Similar decisions soon followed in Alabama and Virginia. Mississippi's $2.00 poll tax (about $18 today) was the last to fall, declared unconstitutional on April 8, 1966."<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/poll-tax-definition-and-examples-5443130" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.thoughtco.com/poll-tax-definition-and-examples-5443130</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VoterDisenfranchisement" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VoterDisenfranchisement</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/USPol" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#USPol</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/USHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#USHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/TwentyFourthAmendment" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#TwentyFourthAmendment</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/FourteenthAmendment" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#FourteenthAmendment</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/FifteenthAmendment" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#FifteenthAmendment</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VoterRights" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VoterRights</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LiteracyTests" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#LiteracyTests</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/USElections" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#USElections</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VoterSuppression" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VoterSuppression</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackAmericans" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#BlackAmericans</a>

Kevin Severud :donor:Fair elections? In the US? There never have been. Trump absolutely did not win a fair election. He won a heavily rigged election. Take him at his own words that the election was indeed rigged; that’s the tell of a narcissist when they tattle on their own misdeeds. <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/VotingRightsAct" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#VotingRightsAct</a>

DoomsdaysCWTake The Near Impossible <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LiteracyTest" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#LiteracyTest</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Louisiana" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Louisiana</a> Used to Suppress the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackVote" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#BlackVote</a> (1964)in History, Politics | October 21st, 2024 "In William Faulkner’s 1938 novel The Unvanquished, the implacable Colonel Sartoris takes drastic action to stop the election of a black Republican candidate to office after the Civil War, destroying the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ballots" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#ballots</a> of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackVoters" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#BlackVoters</a> and shooting two Northern carpetbaggers. While such dramatic means of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VoterSuppression" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VoterSuppression</a> occurred often enough in the Reconstruction South, tactics of electoral exclusion refined over time, such that by the mid-twentieth century the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/JimCrowSouth" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#JimCrowSouth</a> relied largely on nearly impossible-to-pass literacy tests to impede free and fair elections."These tests, writes Rebecca Onion at Slate, were 'supposedly applicable to both white and black prospective voters who couldn’t prove a certain level of education' (typically up to the fifth grade). Yet they were 'in actuality disproportionately administered to black voters.'"Additionally, many of the tests were rigged so that registrars could give potential voters an easy or a difficult version, and could score them differently as well. For example, the Veterans of the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CivilRights" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#CivilRights</a> Movement describes a test administered in <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Alabama" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Alabama</a> that is so entirely subjective that it measures the registrar’s shrewdness and cunning more than anything else."The test here from <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Louisiana" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Louisiana</a> consists of questions so ambiguous that no one, whatever their level of education, can divine a 'right' or 'wrong' answer to most of them. And yet, as the instructions state, 'one wrong answer denotes failure of the test,' an impossible standard for even a legitimate exam. Even worse, voters had only ten minutes to complete the three-page, 30-question document. The Louisiana test dates from 1964, the year before the passage of the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VotingRightsAct" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VotingRightsAct</a>, which effectively put an end to these blatantly discriminatory practices." Read more: <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/10/take-the-near-impossible-literacy-test-louisiana-used-to-suppress-the-black-vote.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.openculture.com/2024/10/take-the-near-impossible-literacy-test-louisiana-used-to-suppress-the-black-vote.html</a><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Disenfranchisement" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Disenfranchisement</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VoterDisenfranchisement" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VoterDisenfranchisement</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VoterSuppression" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VoterSuppression</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/History" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#History</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/USHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#USHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Elections2024" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Elections2024</a>

DoomsdaysCWHow the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NativeAmerican" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#NativeAmerican</a> Vote Continues to be Suppressedby Patty Ferguson-Bohnee February, 2020"The right to vote has been an uphill battle for <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NativeAmericans" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#NativeAmericans</a>. The <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VotingRightsAct" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VotingRightsAct</a> of 1965 helped to secure and protect that right for many Native Americans and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/AlaskaNatives" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#AlaskaNatives</a>. With the Voting Rights Act, voter participation among Native Americans increased. However, the Supreme Court invalidated the Section 5 preclearance formula in 2013 (Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. 529 (2013)), removing one of the most powerful tools to ensure equal access to the ballot, including Alaska and Arizona, and two jurisdictions in South Dakota with significant Native American and Alaska Native populations. Since the Shelby County decision, efforts to suppress the vote have increased. For Native Americans, these voter suppression efforts can and do have devastating impacts. "Despite the passage of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, many Native Americans living on reservations continued to be excluded from the democratic process. In 1948, Native Americans in <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NewMexico" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#NewMexico</a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Arizona" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Arizona</a> successfully litigated their right to vote. <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Utah" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Utah</a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NorthDakota" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#NorthDakota</a> became the last states to afford on-reservation Native Americans the right to vote in 1957 and 1958, respectively. When the right to vote was finally secured, voter suppression laws kept Native Americans from voting and seeking elected office. In Arizona, for example, Native Americans could not fully participate in voting until 1970 when the Supreme Court upheld the ban against using literacy tests (Oregon v. Mitchell, 400 U.S. 112 (1970)). Today, the right to vote continues to be challenged through the passage of new laws and practices that either fail to consider, disregard, or intentionally target Native American voters."In order to understand the challenges faced by Native American voters, one must recognize the vast differences in experiences, opportunities, and realities facing on-reservation voters as compared to off-reservation voters."I will never forget the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Navajo" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Navajo</a> grandmother who spoke only Navajo and could not vote after Arizona passed its voter ID law in 2004. She tried several times to obtain an Arizona ID on her own but was denied because she was born at home in a hogan, and the boarding schools changed her Navajo name to English. She lived in a modest home on the Navajo Reservation without electricity and running water, and lived a traditional lifestyle taking care of her sheep. She was embarrassed and devastated when she was turned away from the polls for not having an ID. Working with her, a team from the Indian Legal Clinic traveled five hours to meet her at multiple agency offices to obtain her delayed birth certificate; we then went to two separate Motor Vehicle Division Offices. The first one did not issue same-day photo IDs, and the other initially denied her request. The office rejected her delayed Navajo birth certificate, until I was able to intervene and demonstrate to them that it was an acceptable document. The system failed to consider her reality as a Navajo woman and failed to value her as a voter. Fortunately, she was persistent in exercising her right to vote, but not all voters are, nor should they have to be."This example helps explain why voting can be difficulty for Native American voters. Turnout for Native Americans is the lowest in the country, as compared to other groups. While a number of issues contribute to the low voter turnout, a study conducted by the Native American Voting Rights Coalition found that low levels of trust in government, lack of information on how and where to register and to vote, long travel distances to register or to vote, low levels of access to the internet, hostility toward Native Americans, and intimidation are obstacles. Isolating conditions such as language barriers, socioeconomic disparities, lack of access to transportation, lack of residential <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/addresses" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#addresses</a>, lack of access to <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/mail" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#mail</a>, and the digital divide limit Native American political participation. Changes to voting processes further frustrate the ability of Native Americans to vote."Read more: <a href="https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/voting-rights/how-the-native-american-vote-continues-to-be-suppressed/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/voting-rights/how-the-native-american-vote-continues-to-be-suppressed/</a><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/RightToVote" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#RightToVote</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VoterSuppression" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VoterSuppression</a>

DoomsdaysCW2020: How <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NativeAmericans" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#NativeAmericans</a>’ <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/RightToVote" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#RightToVote</a> has been systematically violated for generationsIn the new book Voting in Indian Country, Jean Reith Schroedel weaves together historical and contemporary voting rights conflicts as the election nearsby Nina Lakhani in New York Fri 16 Oct 2020 "<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VoterSuppression" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VoterSuppression</a> has taken centre stage in the race to elect potentially the 46th president of the United States. But we’ve heard little about the 5.2 million <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Native" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Native</a> Americans whose ancestors have called this land home before there was a US president."The rights of indigenous communities – including the right to vote – have been systematically violated for generations with devastating consequences for access to <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CleaAir" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#CleaAir</a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/water" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#water</a>, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/health" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#health</a>, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#education</a>, economic opportunities, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/housing" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#housing</a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/sovereignty" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#sovereignty</a>. Voter turnout for Native Americans and Alaskan Natives is the lowest in the country, and about one in three eligible voters (1.2 million people) are not registered to vote, according to the National Congress of American Indians."In a new book, Voting in Indian County: The View from the Trenches, Jean Reith Schroedel, professor emerita of political science at Claremont Graduate University, weaves together historical and contemporary voting rights conflicts."Is the right to vote struggle for Native Americans distinct from the wider struggle faced by marginalized groups in the US?"One thing few Americans understand is that American Indians and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NativeAlaskans" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#NativeAlaskans</a> were the last group in the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/UnitedStates" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#UnitedStates</a> to get <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/citizenship" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#citizenship</a> and to get the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/vote" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#vote</a>. Even after the civil war and the Reconstruction (13th, 14th and 15th) amendments there was a supreme court decision that said <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IndigenousPeople" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#IndigenousPeople</a> could never become US citizens, and some laws used to disenfranchise them were still in place in 1975. In fact first-generation violations used to deny – not just dilute voting rights – were in place for much longer for Native Americans than any other group. It’s impossible to understand contemporary voter suppression in Indian Country without understanding this historical context."Why didn’t the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/AmericanIndianCitizenshipAct" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#AmericanIndianCitizenshipAct</a> 1924 nor the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VotingRightsAct" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VotingRightsAct</a> (<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VRA" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VRA</a>) 1965 guarantee Native Americans equal access to the ballot box?"The motivation for the VRA was the egregious treatment of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/black" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#black</a> people in the south, and for the first 10 years there was a question over whether it even applied to <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/AmericanIndian" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#AmericanIndian</a> and Native Alaskan populations. It wasn’t really discussed until a <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CivilRights" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#CivilRights</a> commission report in 1975 which included cases from <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/SouthDakota" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#SouthDakota</a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Arizona" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Arizona</a> that showed equally egregious <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/discrimination" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#discrimination</a> and absolute denial of right to vote towards Native Americans – and also <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Latinos" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Latinos</a>."When voter suppression is discussed by politicians, advocates and journalists, it’s mostly about African American voters, and to a lesser degree Latinos. Why are Native Americans still excluded from the conversation?"Firstly they are a small population and secondly most of the most egregious abuses routinely occur in rural isolated parts of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IndianCountry" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#IndianCountry</a> where there is little media focus. But it’s happening – take Jackson county in South Dakota, a state where the governor has done little to protect people from <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Covid" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Covid</a>. The county council has just decided to close the legally mandated early voting centre on the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/PineRidgeReservation" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#PineRidgeReservation</a>, citing concerns about Covid, but not in the voting site in <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Kadoka" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Kadoka</a>, where the white people go. Regardless of the intent, this will absolutely have a detrimental effect on Native people’s ability to vote. And South Dakota, like many other states, is also a very hard place for Native people to vote by mail. In the primary, the number of people who registered to <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VoteByMail" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VoteByMail</a> increased by 1,000% overall but there was no increase among reservation communities. In <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Oglala" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Oglala</a> county, which includes the eastern part of Pine Ridge, turnout was about 10%."The right to vote by mail is a hot political and civil rights issue in the 2020 election – could it help increase turnout in Indian Country?"No, voting by mail is very challenging for Native Americans for multiple reasons. First and foremost, most reservations do not have home mail delivery. Instead, people need to travel to post offices or postal provide sites – little places that offer minimal mail services and are located in places like gas stations and mini-marts. Take the Navajo Nation that encompasses 27,425 square miles – it’s larger than West Virginia, yet there are only 40 places where people can send and receive mail. In West Virginia, there are 725. Not a single PO box on the Navajo Nation has 24-hour access."Read more: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/16/native-americans-voting-rights-mail-in-ballots-us-elections" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/16/native-americans-voting-rights-mail-in-ballots-us-elections</a><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NativeAmerican" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#NativeAmerican</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VoterSuppression" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VoterSuppression</a>

DoomsdaysCW<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NativeAmerican" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#NativeAmerican</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VoterSuppression" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VoterSuppression</a> is not a new thing!Judge finds <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VotingRightsAct" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VotingRightsAct</a> violation in <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NorthDakota" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#NorthDakota</a> redistricting for two tribesBy JACK DURA Updated 1:30 PM EST, November 17, 2023BISMARCK, N.D. (AP) — "North Dakota’s 2021 legislative redistricting plan violates the rights of two Native American tribes because it dilutes their voting strength, a federal judge ruled Friday."U.S. District Chief Judge Peter Welte said the redrawn legislative districts violated the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VotingRights" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#VotingRights</a> Act of 1965. The ruling came months after a trial held in June in Fargo."In his ruling, Welte said the plan approved by the state Legislature to redraw voting districts in accordance with the latest census data 'prevents Native American voters from having an equal opportunity to elect candidates of their choice' - a violation of the landmark civil rights law."Welte gave the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Republican" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Republican</a>-controlled Legislature and the secretary of state until Dec. 22 'to adopt a plan to remedy the violation.'The <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/TurtleMountain" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#TurtleMountain</a> Band of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Chippewa" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Chippewa</a> Indians and the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/SpiritLake" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#SpiritLake</a> Tribe alleged the 2021 redistricting map 'simultaneously packs Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians members into one house district, and cracks Spirit Lake Tribe members out of any majority Native house district.'"The two tribes sought a joint district and unsuccessfully proposed to the Legislature a single legislative district encompassing the two reservations, which are roughly 60 miles (97 kilometers) apart."The tribes submitted a plan in federal court for a joint district that'doesn’t move very many lines statewide,' attorney Tim Purdon told The Associated Press.“I’m hopeful that the Legislature will take a look at this, adopt the plan proposed by the tribes and stop the litigation, stop the spend of dollars on this litigation,' Purdon said."The Legislature will' perhaps' have to convene, Republican Senate Majority Leader David Hogue told the AP. He said he expects to know more early next week."North Dakota’s Legislature, which meets every two years, just wrapped up a three-day special session in October to fix a budget mess from a major state government funding bill that the state Supreme Court voided in September. The next regular session isn’t until <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/January2025" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#January2025</a>."Turtle Mountain Tribal Chairman Jamie Azure did not immediately respond to a phone message seeking comment on the ruling. Spirit Lake Tribal Chairwoman Lonna Jackson-Street did not immediately respond to an email for comment. The AP was not able to leave her a phone message at her office; its mailbox was full."North Dakota Republican Secretary of State Michael Howe, who is named in the lawsuit, did not immediately comment on the ruling. He said he was still processing documents sent to his office and planned to meet with attorneys on Friday afternoon."North Dakota has 47 legislative districts, each with one senator and two representatives. Republicans control the House of Representatives 82-12, and the Senate 43-4. At least two lawmakers, both House Democrats, are members of tribes sharing geography with North Dakota."A three-judge panel earlier this month dismissed another federal lawsuit that targeted the redistricting, brought by two local Republican Party officials who challenged new House subdistricts comprising tribal nations as unconstitutional 'racial gerrymandering.'"The Legislature created four subdistricts in the state House of Representatives, including one each for the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/FortBerthold" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#FortBerthold</a> and Turtle Mountain Indian reservations."Lawmakers who were involved in the 2021 redistricting process have previously cited 2020 census numbers meeting population requirements of the Voting Rights Act for creating those subdistricts."Source: <a href="https://apnews.com/article/north-dakota-redistricting-lawsuit-spirit-lake-turtle-mountain-tribes-0faa6dc38763267d42af1b6c2ab301c0" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://apnews.com/article/north-dakota-redistricting-lawsuit-spirit-lake-turtle-mountain-tribes-0faa6dc38763267d42af1b6c2ab301c0</a>

Marisa Duarte, MLIS, PhD<a href="https://blacktwitter.io/@zhivi" class="u-url mention">@zhivi</a> <a href="https://newsie.social/@native" class="u-url mention">@native</a> I do not have any expert understanding of this legal distinction about a US racial designation (Black OR Native, not federally recognized vs federally recognized self-governing group) but can you imagine if the federal government did recognize Creole people and people of Creole descent as a sovereign Native Nation? (A different kind of South...) Looks to me like yet another attempt to deny the rights of people of mixed Black AND Native descent by assimilating the young ones. :( <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IndigenousMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#IndigenousMastadon</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ICWA" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#ICWA</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/votingrightsact" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#votingrightsact</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastadon" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#BlackMastadon</a>

Recent searches

Search options

Administered by:

Server stats:

#votingrightsact