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#tragicweek

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MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History August 31, 1909: Francisco Ferrer, the Spanish anarchist educator and creator of the first Modern Schools (Escuelas Modernas), was charged as “author in chief” of the uprising known as the “Tragic Week.” He was executed on October 13, 1909, leading to worldwide condemnation. Hundreds of thousands of people participated in the protests that followed, while supporters created new Modern Schools throughout the world, including dozens in the U.S.</p><p>Francisco Ferrer opened his first Modern School (Escuela Moderna) on September 8, 1901, in Barcelona, Spain. His book, The Origin and Ideals of the Modern School, argued for the co-education of both boys and girls, as well as the rich and poor. During Ferrer’s days, the Spanish literacy rate was only 50% and all schools were church-regulated. The teachers at the Church-run schools emphasized rote memorization of Catholic dogma, were hostile to any scientific and political thinking that displeased the Church and often physically brutalized students. In contrast, Modern Schools purged their books of all religion and their curriculum was fully secular. These ideas were so popular that 40 more Modern Schools opened in Barcelona in just a few years, while 80 other schools adopted his textbooks.</p><p>While in prison, Ferrer wrote the following on his prison wall: “Let no more gods or exploiters be served. Let us learn rather to love each other.” And when facing the firing squad, he said: “Aim well, boys. I know this is not your fault. Long live the Modern School!”</p><p>Read my essay on the Ferrer and the history of the Modern School movement: <a href="https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2022/04/30/the-modern-school-movement/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">michaeldunnauthor.com/2022/04/</span><span class="invisible">30/the-modern-school-movement/</span></a></p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anarchism" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>anarchism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/modernschool" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>modernschool</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/spain" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>spain</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/franciscoferrer" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>franciscoferrer</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>education</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/execution" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>execution</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/barcelona" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>barcelona</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/tragicweek" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>tragicweek</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/prison" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>prison</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History July 25, 1909: &quot;Tragic Week,&quot; a series of bloody clashes between the Spanish army and the working classes of Catalonia, began. The violence came as anarchists, socialists and free masons protested the military’s mustering of reservists to fight a colonial war in Morocco. Most of the soldiers were the workers and peasants, and the sole breadwinners for their families, while the wealthy were allowed to buy their way out of service. They blockaded roads, stopped troupe trains, overturned trams, burned down building owned by the corrupt Catholic Church, and called for a General Strike on July 26. Police and military attacked the workers, killing up to 150 people. Over 1,000 were indicted for armed rebellion. Several cops and soldiers also died in the fighting. Five, including the anarchist educator, Francisco Ferrer, founder of the Modern School, were wrongfully executed. Ferrer&#39;s execution triggered international protests, including in the U.S. and Latin America.</p><p>You can read my complete article on Ferrer and the History of the Modern School here: <a href="https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2022/04/30/the-modern-school-movement/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">michaeldunnauthor.com/2022/04/</span><span class="invisible">30/the-modern-school-movement/</span></a></p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anarchism" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>anarchism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/socialism" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>socialism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/franciscoferrer" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>franciscoferrer</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/barcelona" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>barcelona</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>police</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/policebrutality" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>policebrutality</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/tragicweek" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>tragicweek</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/catalonia" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>catalonia</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/colonialism" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>colonialism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/modernschool" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>modernschool</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/catholicism" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>catholicism</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History August 31, 1909: Francisco Ferrer, the Spanish anarchist educator and creator of the first Modern Schools (Escuelas Modernas), was charged as “author in chief” of the uprising known as the “Tragic Week.” He was executed on October 13, 1909, leading to worldwide condemnation. Hundreds of thousands of people participated in the protests that followed, while supporters created new Modern Schools throughout the world, including dozens in the U.S.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/WorkingClass" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>WorkingClass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anarchism" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>anarchism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ModernSchool" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>ModernSchool</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/spain" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>spain</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/FranciscoFerrer" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>FranciscoFerrer</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>education</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/execution" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>execution</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/barcelona" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>barcelona</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/TragicWeek" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>TragicWeek</span></a></p>
MikeDunnAuthor<p>Today in Labor History January 7, 1919: Argentina’s &quot;Bloody Week&quot; (AKA Tragic Week) began in Buenos Aires. Workers were demonstrating for the 8-hour work day. The authorities opened fire, killing four and wounding 30. Clashes with the authorities on the day of the funerals left another 50 dead. In response, they called for a General Strike. Paramilitary groups attacked workers in collaboration with the police. By January 16 the authorities had fully crushed the strike, killing as many as 700 and wounding 2,000. Many of the victims were Jewish-Russian and Italian anarchist immigrants targeted by racists and anti-Bolshevik hysteria.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/tragicweek" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>tragicweek</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/argentina" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>argentina</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/generalstrike" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>generalstrike</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/massacre" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>massacre</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anarchism" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>anarchism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>police</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/acab" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>acab</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/russia" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>russia</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/jewish" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>jewish</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/italian" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#<span>italian</span></a></p>
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